Post Cards of Hope:: The Story of Herman Geis' Polio Treatment

The Story of Hope

Postcard addressed to Herman’s parents from Herman, 1942.

While organizing our archives, we came across a small binder with the title page “Herman Geis’s Postcard Story of Hope.” Naturally, we had to see what was inside. A postcard collector and retired teacher, Dan Hovland, purchased a set of post cards on sale at an antique show in Roseville, Minnesota in 2008. The postcards, dating from September 25, 1941 to December 8, 1942 chronicle the hospitalization and care of one Herman Geis for polio. Told through 70 postcards sent from Madison (and later Eau Claire) to Herman’s parents Mr. and Mrs. Peter Geis, Herman details his time spent in treatment for a disease that would have most likely forever changed his life.

Polio (also known as poliomyelitis or infantile paralysis) is an acute and highly contagious viral infection that, until Jonas Salk invented the polio vaccine, was feared word around the world. While most who were infected would only experience mild symptoms, for some it could lead to meningitis, paralysis, and death. To save anyone from fearing the worst, Herman did survive his bout with polio and returned home following his treatment.

Conventional treatments for polio involved placing the affected limbs in plaster casts in an effort to prevent deformities. Unfortunately, the casts led to muscle atrophy. However, a pioneer Australian bush nurse named Sister Elizabeth Kenny developed a new treatment approach, which she brought to the United States in 1940 to share with medical professionals. Her method included hot compresses on the affected limbs along with passive movement of the areas to reduce spasms. Sister Kenny stayed in the United States, with Minneapolis as her home base, for eleven years. Sister Kenny’s methods went from controversial to the preferred method of polio treatment before the vaccine was developed. This was likely the case with Herman’s treatment; it appears Herman’s treatment changed from the original cast treatment to Sister Kenny’s compress and movement methods.

According to former Polk County Historical Society board member, Steve Sylvester, Herman was an active member of the Centuria village council, the fire department, and the water and sewer department. Herman was also a police officer in the 1950s and 1960s, married, and had two children. Herman died of a stroke in the 1980s.

Below are excerpts from Herman’s postcards sent to his parents during the course of his treatment in Madison and later Eau Claire. We have kept the grammatical errors and punctuation the same as Herman originally wrote them 75 years ago.

September 25, 1941: “I am geting along fine so far. How is Sport? is he lonesome for me? when are you coming down to see me? I can’t roll on my side no more. They got sand bags on the side of my legs.”

September 27, 1941: “Well they got casts on my legs to keep them from getting crooked. The name of my doctor is Dr. Skkema. She is a woman doctor. I have to lay on my back all the time. I got a radio here but I can only get two Madison Stations. I made common [communion] this morning.”

September 29, 1941: “I am getting pretty restless here latly. They have been giving me pills. As you know my doctor’s name is Dr. SKKEMA. I call her Dr. Sicklmore.”

October 1, 1941: “How are you? I hope you are all fine. They think that I have to stay here for six weeks. My legs have more feeling in them. They haven’t had that felling like pins for a long time so I am geting along just fine. I can eat every thing I want sometimes.”

October 6 (dated October 5), 1941: “I am glad to hear that you are coming to see me. and I hope you bring me some candy! the radio cheers me up. [Added at top]: would you bring my little cars, airplanes, bus, in that match box?”

October 16 (dated October 15), 1941: “I got your card today. They to [took] me over to the doctors. They looked me all over and said that I am get[ting] a little better. I just got throwr [through] eating dinner. I forgot to tell you that they put oil on my legs to get the skin soft and to help my legs get well.”

October 24 (dated October 22), 1941: “They gave me a punch in the back yesterday it did not hurt much. I am geting so that when they stick me wich [with] a neatill [needle] it don’t hurt.”

October 28, 1941: “Well I am in a ward now and I am haveing a good time. My left leg is just about the way it shoud [should] be. My right leg is geting better. They think that [it] won’t even have to have a brace on my foot or leg they think I will have to use a cane for a while. One of the meanist boys went home today and I am gald [glad]!”

November 18, 1941: “I am sorry I didn’t write sooner but I haven’t had time. I am in a differnt ward now. I am going to get a new cast Monday. My legs are getting a lot better. My right leg is [a] little better now. My left leg is real good now.”

January 2, 1942: “I havn’t got my brace yet I think I will get it today, I hope. They think I might go home in about one month thats I might. I hop[e] so.”

January 3, 1942: “I got my brace today on my right leg. It’s [a]long [my] leg just like my slint [splint] only its got two steel long things on each side with shoes. I can’t sit up yet.”

January 12, 1942: “I got my [picture of crutch] now. I don’t [know] how to sell [spell] it. I got fitted for a brace around my weast [waist]. Then I will get up – I hope. I can’t sit up yet but I will as soon as I get [the] brace. My legs are a lots better my brace feels fine.”

January 26 (dated January 24), 1942: “I am going to get up and walk monday (26). I can sit up in bed all I want. I will be going to school pretty soon.”

January 26, 1942: “I asked the doctor if [I] could get up and he siad [said] no. I could ring his neck. I might if I don’t be carful.”

February 22, 1942: “There was a boy that got the red mesels [measles]. He went over where I was. We all got a shot in our hip so we won’t get the mesels [measles]. I can sit up more now. I am not walking yet.”

March 9, 1942: “I am only getting hot packs on my back, shoulders, and two legs. They put them on so hot that [it] bruns [burns] a guy. I think that sister K [is] crazy. I mean it.”

April 4, 1942: “I am getting along fine. My right leg is stronger now. They are starting to put on packs before we eat in the morn. The nurse that is on now is crazy to suit me. She woun’t even let us talk when she puts on hot pack[s]. There are 16 kids getting packs.”

July 30, 1942: “It is raining out this morng. It was real cold last night. I can get up and walk now.”

September 2, 1942: “I am so busy that I don’t get time to write. I walk two or three times a day get six rounds of hot packs a day so you see I don’t get much time to right [write]. I might be home in a week or so because they say that they are not suppose[d] to keep polios here no more than 6 months.”

September 9, 1942: “I can come home now. I will have to go to Eau Claire ortho. School. I have to come back in three months. Well I am glad I can go home.”

Postcard from Herman’s mother to Herman, October 1942

October 8, 1942: “I got your card tuesday and was glad to hear that you got home o.k. I didn’t have to go to school yesterday because Doctor Bruns was here from Madison to look the kids over. I just came from there thats why.”

December 4, 1942: “I got back from Madison Wed. night about 8:00. I am sopposte [supposed] to go back to madison December 30, 1942. it will be in my Xmas vacation wright before New Years. They got about 6 in. of snow (Madison) going down the track [truck] brock [broke] we had to wait about 1 hour then the engen [engine] brock [broke] we wait[ed] about 1 hour.”

December 8, 1942: “It was about zeoro [zero] out this mornging [morning]. When I went to Madison on the trian [train] it was two hours late getting in to Madison. Am I going to come home on a bus or are you coming after me in the car. Well geuss [guess] [I] will have to stop. Love Herman”

This ends the postcards from Herman Geis to his parents during his hospitalization for polio treatments from 1941-1942. This was only a selection of the transcribed postcards Herman sent. Herman went to

school while in treatment. He met and made friends. And he always ended his postcards with love to his parents.

The Christmas Seal: US and Polk County Origins

Christmas Seals

It was December 9, 1907, when a woman in a Red Cross uniform, sat at a table in the Wilmington, Delaware post office to sell envelopes stating the following:

25 Christmas Stamps

One penny apiece

Issued by the Delaware Red Cross to Stamp Out the White Plague

Put this stamp, with message bright, on every Christmas Letter; help the tuberculosis fight, and make the new year better.

These stamps do not carry any kind of mail, but any kind of mail will carry them.

The idea to sell stamps to raise awareness of the plight of tuberculosis patients was discovered in a magazine story read by Miss Elizabeth Bissell, Secretary of the Delaware Red Cross. Bissell read about the enormous success the people of Denmark had in raising funds, which prompted her to take a similar action.

Within a few weeks, the Christmas Stamp of 1907 was a roaring success. Selling nearly 80,000 copies, they made over $3,000 and immediately set to work on a 1908 stamp.  In 1908, the year of their first nationwide sale, the group raked in $135,000. By 1916, they had their first million-dollar year and by 1941, the total sold was $114,000,000.

Tuberculosis has been around likely since before the written word. It wasn’t until 1882 that the cause of tuberculosis was discovered by Robert Koch. When Wilhelm Roentgen created the x-ray in 1885, evidence of tuberculosis could be seen without an autopsy. A considerable amount of the Christmas Seal funds were spent on x-ray chest pictures for high school and college students and various adult groups. Early discovery, as it was deemed, was the best way to quickly stop its spread.

From folk cures and incantations to scientific methods, it was finally determined in the 1840s and 1850s that fresh air and rest were the two best ways to combat the disease. By 1904, a group of physicians had gotten together and formed the National Tuberculosis Association, dedicated to eradicating the deadly disease. Unfortunately, they couldn’t raise enough public awareness, and funds, to conduct their research. That’s when the Christmas Seal stamp popped up.

Stamps like the Christmas Seal were used to varying levels of success as early at the 1860s. In 1863, stamps were created to help improve Union camp conditions during the Civil War. In 1897, New South Wales issued a stamp to aid a “Consumptive Home” and in 1904, a Danish postal clerk created and sold his own Christmas Seal, selling more than 4,000,000 stamps to benefit children with tuberculosis in Denmark and continuing through 1907 when Elizabeth Bissell read about it in a magazine.

In 1910, the National Tuberculosis Association and the Red Cross formed a partnership. The Red Cross would sponsor the Christmas Seal production and sales, and the National Tuberculosis Association would distribute the funds to where they would do the most good. This would often be under one of four general heads: Education, Case-finding and Treatment, Rehabilitation, and Administration. With funding coming from everyday people all the way up to government entities, it’s no wonder these campaigns raised such incredible funds, and saved the lives of millions of people.

Polk County Health Seals

In a similar fashion, county health departments created their own seals that could be sold during the Christmas season and the funding would help with county public health

needs. The Polk County Health Seals were designed by students at Polk County Schools as early as the 1951–1952 school year and running through at least 1978. The seal, which is distributed and sold shortly before each Christmas season, is a seal to be used throughout the entire year. This is the reason the seal carries the date for the year following its distribution and sale.

To encourage participation and interest in designing the seal, a poster contest was open to all students in 6th, 7th, and 8th grade at Polk County Schools. It was sponsored by the Polk County Health Council. Each school district was invited to enter their best six posters, and judges would be selected to choose the three winners from all the county's entries. The Polk County Health Council awarded steadily increasing prize money to winners with $25.00 to the first-place winner, $15.00 to the second-place winner, and $10.00 for the third-place winner in 1975. This is equivalent to $155.00, $93.00, and $62.00 in today’s currency. The first-place winner would also receive the honor of having their seal design used on the health seals throughout Polk County.

Sales of health seals averaged $1,300.00 throughout each year, which is equivalent to $8,400 in today’s currency.

Winners over the years include:

·         1952: Carroll Klockeman (Alec A. Johnson School)

·         1953: Carroll Klockeman (Alec A. Johnson School)

·         1954: Renie Peach (Milltown School)

·         1955: Gerale Roe (Balsam Lake School)

·         1956: Sarah Hellerud (Milltown School)

·         1957: Valdis Vavere (Milltown School)

·         1958: Gary Knerr (Amery School)

·         1959: Gloria Floreen (Balsam Lake School)

·         1960: John Nielsen (Centuria School)

·         1961: Marsha Grant (Balsam Lake School)

·         1962: Mary Jensen (Luck School)

·         1963: Billy Nichols (Milltown School)

·         1964: Pam Boughton (St. Croix Falls School)

·         1965: Dick Soderburg (Dresser School)

·         1966: Diana Cruthers (Oak Hill School – Luck)

·         1967: Kay Friberg (Frederic School)

·         1968: Sherri Anderson (Frederic School)

·         1969: Sandra Wilson (Frederic School)

·         1970: Mona Hochstetter (Frederic School)

·         1971: Karen Java (Frederic School)

·         1972: Susan Hansen (Amery School)

·         1973: Robert Janis (Amery School)

·         1974: Barbara Bieniasz (Amery School)

·         1975: Judy Fox (Osceola School)

·         1976: Cheryl Peterson (Amery School)

·         1977: Lisa Lundeen (Frederic School)

·         1978: Jeff Rutcosky (Amery School)

 

Sources:

Hodges, Leigh M. 1942. The People Against Tuberculosis: The Story of the Christmas Seal. National Tuberculosis Association.

Polk County Department of Public Health. 1975.

Camp Milltown: Polk County's POW Camp

During World War II, the British took German prisoners of war (POWs) and began sending them to various locations in the 1940s. By 1943, they began running out of places to send their POWs and turned to the United States for assistance. The United States saw an opportunity to gain some workers at home and nearly 500 camps were established across the country. Nearly 400,000 German POWs were sent to camps in Georgia, Alabama, Colorado, and Wisconsin, among others.

Betty Cowley’s book “Stalag Wisconsin: Inside WWII prisoner-of-war camps” (2002) describes Camp Milltown, which was in operation between 1944 and 1945. During this time, the camp and its 180 Nazi prisoners of war were largely ignored by the press and the locals.

During their first season, the POWs used barracks at the Stokeley Plant property and tents across Highway 35 for their sleeping quarters. From here, they walked across the road to the Milltown plant or were transported to work sites at nearby canning factories and farms as needed. These POWs stayed for a season before being moved to Michigan to continue their work (Cowley, 2002).

By 1945, the POW numbers sent to Camp Milltown doubled to approximately 325 for work. A tent-city was erected to house the additional prisoners at the east end of Milltown Park near the baseball field. The prison camp closed in October 1945, wherein the prisoners tore down their tents and moved out (Cowley, 2002).

Newspaper article from July 5, 1945

From the combined work at the Friday Canning Factory in New Richmond, the Stokeley Foods plants at Frederic and Milltown, the Lakeside Packing Company at Amery, and the Hy-Dry Food Products in Centuria, the prisoners earned a total of $88,970 for the U.S. Government (Cowley, 2002).

POW Labor Summary article, October 10, 1945

Americans grew upset with the relatively easy treatment of the German POWs, particularly when Americans were dying overseas, and Americans were going hungry at home. This led to increasing attacks of POWs and destruction of POW camps or property.

After the war ended, POWs were required to stay in the United States for at least one year. They were forced to watch films of concentration camps and were educated on democracy before they returned home.

Local Wisconsinites recalled their experiences with the POWs in the Camp Milltown area. Most remembrances were positive with folks reminiscing of the POWs who were grateful for the food and the kindness of the locals.